Tables of Climatological Normals (1981–2010)
The following tables indicate the monthly/annual climate normals for major observatories in Japan, calculated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) according to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Technical Regulation based on observed data from 1981 to 2010.
The climate normals are the averages or totals of observed data over the consecutive period of 30 years and updated every decade.
Mean temperature ( °C )
| Station |
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
Annual |
| Sapporo |
-3.6 |
-3.1 |
0.6 |
7.1 |
12.4 |
16.7 |
20.5 |
22.3 |
18.1 |
11.8 |
4.9 |
-0.9 |
8.9 |
| Sendai |
1.6 |
2.0 |
4.9 |
10.3 |
15.0 |
18.5 |
22.2 |
24.2 |
20.7 |
15.2 |
9.4 |
4.5 |
12.4 |
| Niigata |
2.4 |
2.7 |
5.7 |
11.0 |
16.4 |
20.5 |
24.3 |
26.4 |
22.5 |
16.3 |
10.3 |
5.2 |
13.6 |
| Nagoya |
4.5 |
5.2 |
8.7 |
14.4 |
18.9 |
22.7 |
26.4 |
27.8 |
24.1 |
18.1 |
12.2 |
7.0 |
15.8 |
| Tokyo |
5.2 |
5.7 |
8.7 |
13.9 |
18.2 |
21.4 |
25.0 |
26.4 |
22.8 |
17.5 |
12.1 |
7.6 |
15.4 |
| Hiroshima |
5.2 |
6.0 |
9.1 |
14.7 |
19.3 |
23.0 |
27.1 |
28.2 |
24.4 |
18.3 |
12.5 |
7.5 |
16.3 |
| Osaka |
6.0 |
6.3 |
9.4 |
15.1 |
19.7 |
23.5 |
27.4 |
28.8 |
25.0 |
19.0 |
13.6 |
8.6 |
16.9 |
| Takamatsu |
5.5 |
5.9 |
8.9 |
14.4 |
19.1 |
23.0 |
27.0 |
28.1 |
24.3 |
18.4 |
12.8 |
7.9 |
16.3 |
| Fukuoka |
6.6 |
7.4 |
10.4 |
15.1 |
19.4 |
23.0 |
27.2 |
28.1 |
24.4 |
19.2 |
13.8 |
8.9 |
17.0 |
| Kagoshima |
8.5 |
9.8 |
12.5 |
16.9 |
20.8 |
24.0 |
28.1 |
28.5 |
26.1 |
21.2 |
15.9 |
10.6 |
18.6 |
| Naha |
17.0 |
17.1 |
18.9 |
21.4 |
24.0 |
26.8 |
28.9 |
28.7 |
27.6 |
25.2 |
22.1 |
18.7 |
23.1 |
Daily Maximum temperature ( °C )
| Station |
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
Annual |
| Sapporo |
-0.6 |
0.1 |
4.0 |
11.5 |
17.3 |
21.5 |
24.9 |
26.4 |
22.4 |
16.2 |
8.5 |
2.1 |
12.9 |
| Sendai |
5.3 |
5.9 |
9.2 |
15.0 |
19.4 |
22.3 |
25.7 |
27.9 |
24.4 |
19.4 |
13.7 |
8.4 |
16.4 |
| Niigata |
4.9 |
5.8 |
9.4 |
15.9 |
20.4 |
24.3 |
28.0 |
30.6 |
25.5 |
20.3 |
14.0 |
8.5 |
17.3 |
| Nagoya |
9.0 |
10.1 |
13.9 |
19.9 |
24.1 |
27.2 |
30.8 |
32.8 |
28.6 |
22.8 |
17.0 |
11.6 |
20.7 |
| Tokyo |
9.6 |
10.4 |
13.6 |
19.0 |
22.9 |
25.5 |
29.2 |
30.8 |
26.9 |
21.5 |
16.3 |
11.9 |
19.8 |
| Hiroshima |
9.7 |
10.6 |
14.0 |
19.7 |
24.1 |
27.2 |
30.8 |
32.5 |
29.0 |
23.4 |
17.4 |
12.3 |
20.9 |
| Osaka |
9.5 |
10.2 |
13.7 |
19.9 |
24.5 |
27.8 |
31.6 |
33.4 |
29.3 |
23.3 |
17.6 |
12.3 |
21.1 |
| Takamatsu |
9.4 |
10.1 |
13.4 |
19.5 |
24.1 |
27.3 |
31.2 |
32.4 |
28.4 |
22.8 |
17.2 |
12.1 |
20.7 |
| Fukuoka |
9.9 |
11.1 |
14.4 |
19.5 |
23.7 |
26.9 |
30.9 |
32.1 |
28.3 |
23.4 |
17.8 |
12.6 |
20.9 |
| Kagoshima |
12.8 |
14.3 |
17.0 |
21.6 |
25.2 |
27.6 |
31.9 |
32.5 |
30.1 |
25.4 |
20.3 |
15.3 |
22.8 |
| Naha |
19.5 |
19.8 |
21.7 |
24.1 |
26.7 |
29.4 |
31.8 |
31.5 |
30.4 |
27.9 |
24.6 |
21.2 |
25.7 |
Daily Minimum temperature ( °C )
| Station |
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
Annual |
| Sapporo |
-7.0 |
-6.6 |
-2.9 |
3.2 |
8.3 |
12.9 |
17.3 |
19.1 |
14.2 |
7.5 |
1.3 |
-4.1 |
5.3 |
| Sendai |
-1.7 |
-1.5 |
0.9 |
6.1 |
11.1 |
15.5 |
19.5 |
21.4 |
17.6 |
11.2 |
5.2 |
0.9 |
8.9 |
| Niigata |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
2.1 |
6.6 |
12.5 |
17.6 |
21.3 |
23.0 |
18.8 |
12.7 |
6.7 |
2.3 |
10.3 |
| Nagoya |
0.8 |
1.1 |
4.2 |
9.6 |
14.5 |
19.0 |
23.0 |
24.3 |
20.7 |
14.1 |
8.1 |
3.1 |
11.9 |
| Tokyo |
0.9 |
1.7 |
4.4 |
9.4 |
14.0 |
18.0 |
21.8 |
23.0 |
19.7 |
14.2 |
8.3 |
3.5 |
11.6 |
| Hiroshima |
1.7 |
2.1 |
4.8 |
9.9 |
14.7 |
19.4 |
23.8 |
24.8 |
20.8 |
14.2 |
8.5 |
3.7 |
12.4 |
| Osaka |
2.8 |
2.9 |
5.6 |
10.7 |
15.6 |
20.0 |
24.3 |
25.4 |
21.7 |
15.5 |
9.9 |
5.1 |
13.3 |
| Takamatsu |
1.6 |
1.8 |
4.4 |
9.4 |
14.4 |
19.3 |
23.6 |
24.4 |
20.7 |
14.2 |
8.5 |
3.7 |
12.2 |
| Fukuoka |
3.5 |
4.1 |
6.7 |
11.2 |
15.6 |
19.9 |
24.3 |
25.0 |
21.3 |
15.4 |
10.2 |
5.6 |
13.6 |
| Kagoshima |
4.6 |
5.7 |
8.4 |
12.7 |
17.1 |
21.0 |
25.3 |
25.6 |
22.8 |
17.5 |
11.9 |
6.7 |
14.9 |
| Naha |
14.6 |
14.8 |
16.5 |
19.0 |
21.8 |
24.8 |
26.8 |
26.6 |
25.5 |
23.1 |
19.9 |
16.3 |
20.8 |
Precipitation ( mm )
| Station |
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
Annual |
| Sapporo |
113.6 |
94.0 |
77.8 |
56.8 |
53.1 |
46.8 |
81.0 |
123.8 |
135.2 |
108.7 |
104.1 |
111.7 |
1106.5 |
| Sendai |
37.0 |
38.4 |
68.2 |
97.6 |
109.9 |
145.6 |
179.4 |
166.9 |
187.5 |
122.0 |
65.1 |
36.6 |
1254.1 |
| Niigata |
186.0 |
122.4 |
112.6 |
91.7 |
104.1 |
127.9 |
192.1 |
140.6 |
155.1 |
160.3 |
210.8 |
217.4 |
1821.0 |
| Nagoya |
48.4 |
65.6 |
121.8 |
124.8 |
156.5 |
201.0 |
203.6 |
126.3 |
234.4 |
128.3 |
79.7 |
45.0 |
1535.3 |
| Tokyo |
52.3 |
56.1 |
117.5 |
124.5 |
137.8 |
167.7 |
153.5 |
168.2 |
209.9 |
197.8 |
92.5 |
51.0 |
1528.8 |
| Hiroshima |
44.6 |
66.6 |
123.9 |
141.7 |
177.6 |
247.0 |
258.6 |
110.8 |
169.5 |
87.9 |
68.2 |
41.2 |
1537.6 |
| Osaka |
45.4 |
61.7 |
104.2 |
103.8 |
145.5 |
184.5 |
157.0 |
90.9 |
160.7 |
112.3 |
69.3 |
43.8 |
1279.0 |
| Takamatsu |
38.2 |
47.7 |
82.5 |
76.4 |
107.7 |
150.6 |
144.1 |
85.8 |
147.6 |
104.2 |
60.3 |
37.3 |
1082.3 |
| Fukuoka |
68.0 |
71.5 |
112.5 |
116.6 |
142.5 |
254.8 |
277.9 |
172.0 |
178.4 |
73.7 |
84.8 |
59.8 |
1612.3 |
| Kagoshima |
77.5 |
112.1 |
179.7 |
204.6 |
221.2 |
452.3 |
318.9 |
223.0 |
210.8 |
101.9 |
92.4 |
71.3 |
2265.7 |
| Naha |
107.0 |
119.7 |
161.4 |
165.7 |
231.6 |
247.2 |
141.4 |
240.5 |
260.5 |
152.9 |
110.2 |
102.8 |
2040.8 |
Relative Humidity ( % )
| Station |
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
Annual |
| Sapporo |
70 |
69 |
66 |
62 |
66 |
72 |
76 |
75 |
71 |
67 |
67 |
69 |
69 |
| Sendai |
66 |
64 |
62 |
64 |
71 |
80 |
83 |
81 |
78 |
72 |
68 |
66 |
71 |
| Niigata |
71 |
74 |
70 |
66 |
68 |
73 |
78 |
73 |
73 |
72 |
72 |
75 |
72 |
| Nagoya |
64 |
61 |
59 |
60 |
65 |
71 |
74 |
70 |
71 |
68 |
66 |
65 |
66 |
| Tokyo |
52 |
53 |
56 |
62 |
69 |
75 |
77 |
73 |
75 |
68 |
65 |
56 |
65 |
| Hiroshima |
68 |
67 |
64 |
63 |
66 |
72 |
74 |
71 |
70 |
68 |
69 |
69 |
68 |
| Osaka |
61 |
60 |
59 |
59 |
62 |
68 |
70 |
66 |
67 |
65 |
64 |
62 |
64 |
| Takamatsu |
63 |
63 |
64 |
63 |
66 |
72 |
74 |
72 |
73 |
71 |
69 |
66 |
68 |
| Fukuoka |
63 |
63 |
65 |
65 |
68 |
74 |
75 |
72 |
73 |
67 |
67 |
64 |
68 |
| Kagoshima |
65 |
65 |
66 |
68 |
71 |
76 |
75 |
73 |
71 |
67 |
67 |
67 |
69 |
| Naha |
67 |
70 |
73 |
76 |
79 |
83 |
78 |
78 |
76 |
71 |
69 |
66 |
74 |
Sunshine duration ( h )
| Station |
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
Annual |
| Sapporo |
92.5 |
104.0 |
146.6 |
176.5 |
198.4 |
187.8 |
164.9 |
171.0 |
160.5 |
152.3 |
100.0 |
85.9 |
1740.4 |
| Sendai |
148.1 |
151.8 |
177.0 |
188.5 |
185.2 |
133.8 |
119.5 |
144.4 |
121.2 |
148.6 |
139.6 |
138.6 |
1796.1 |
| Niigata |
58.2 |
78.6 |
133.2 |
169.8 |
202.1 |
168.5 |
160.1 |
211.1 |
162.8 |
140.1 |
89.9 |
60.5 |
1631.9 |
| Nagoya |
170.1 |
170.0 |
189.1 |
196.6 |
197.5 |
149.9 |
164.3 |
200.4 |
151.0 |
169.0 |
162.7 |
172.2 |
2091.6 |
| Tokyo |
184.5 |
165.8 |
163.1 |
176.9 |
167.8 |
125.4 |
146.4 |
169.0 |
120.9 |
131.0 |
147.9 |
178.0 |
1876.7 |
| Hiroshima |
137.2 |
139.7 |
169.0 |
190.1 |
206.2 |
161.4 |
179.5 |
211.2 |
165.3 |
181.8 |
151.6 |
149.4 |
2042.3 |
| Osaka |
142.6 |
135.4 |
159.5 |
188.6 |
194.3 |
156.2 |
182.1 |
216.9 |
156.7 |
163.9 |
148.5 |
151.6 |
1996.4 |
| Takamatsu |
141.2 |
141.6 |
168.2 |
192.5 |
203.3 |
165.8 |
195.0 |
225.2 |
159.6 |
169.3 |
145.2 |
148.6 |
2053.9 |
| Fukuoka |
102.1 |
121.0 |
149.8 |
181.6 |
194.6 |
149.4 |
173.5 |
202.1 |
162.8 |
177.1 |
136.3 |
116.7 |
1867.0 |
| Kagoshima |
132.7 |
135.1 |
148.8 |
167.5 |
174.2 |
121.8 |
190.9 |
206.2 |
176.7 |
186.7 |
155.2 |
149.8 |
1935.6 |
| Naha |
94.2 |
87.1 |
108.3 |
123.8 |
145.8 |
163.6 |
238.8 |
215.0 |
188.9 |
169.6 |
123.0 |
115.6 |
1774.0 |